Wednesday, February 21, 2007

Party time as world’s worst car celebrates 50th birthday

The Trabant, the smoke-spewing communist car whose coughing two-stroke engine has been compared to a death rattle, is celebrating its 50th birthday and east Germans are preparing for a year of nostalgic road pollution.



“We’re calling on Trabi owners everywhere to join in the festivities,” says Katrin Marquardt, of Citynet, the marketing organisation for Dessau, one of several cities planning parties, rallies and exhibitions.



Only Berlin is not paying due tribute to the Cold War relic. It is banning Trabants — 52,432 are still registered — from the centre of the capital. “We all have to make our contribution to preventing climate catastrophe,” a city spokesman said.



His concern is justified. Although its spluttering engine is barely stronger than a lawn-mower, it remains one of the dirtiest small cars ever devised.



The car is a freak. It started to roll off the production lines of East Germany in 1957 as the communists’ answer to the Volkswagen Beetle. That was the year that the Soviet Union launched a Sputnik into space and the two were billed as the onset of a modern, scientifically advanced socialism.



The reality was that the car had primitive brakes, no fuel pump and no oil filter. Instead of a fuel gauge it had a dip-stick. Wise drivers carried not only a spare wheel but also a spare engine.



Because there was a steel shortage, it was made from compressed cotton waste held together with a phenol-based resin. An original plan to build it out of compressed cardboard foundered after the test model was left out in the rain: it was the first soggy car in history.



But despite the flaws, waiting lists for the car ran up to 14 years. As a result it held its value for decades; the trick was to stockpile spare parts.



Now, 17 years after the fall of the East German state and the end of production, there are still 82 Trabi drivers’ clubs across Germany and they are being mobilised for the birthday parties.



One celebrant will be Werner Buhtz, an engineer who bought his first Trabi in 1964. “I remember how the front left wheel fell off as we were taking a corner,” he says. “The whole car threatened to topple to the right and roll on to the roof, so we all threw ourselves to one side to restore the balance. Pas-sers-by, familiar with the situation, held down the car until we could get out.” Then a second wheel fell off.



Such stories these are being collected and will form part of a birthday album for the car which still has a hold on the German soul — even if these days it is more likely to be used as a flower box or chicken coop than to try to go anywhere.



-How do you double the value of a Trabant?



Fill its petrol tank



-How do you treble its value?



Put a banana on the back seat



-How do you make a sports car out of a Trabi?



Put a pair of trainers in the boot



-Why does the Trabi have a heated rear window?



Keeps your hands warm while you push it



-Man in garage: Do you have two windscreen wipers for a Trabi?



Garage-owner thinks long and hard. “OK,” he says at last, “it’s a deal”



-Factory rings lucky East German on Trabi waiting list. “Comrade Schulz, you will get delivery of a Trabant in ten years time, on February 20, 1998”



Schulz: “Morning or afternoon? I have the plumber coming in the morning.”





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Tuesday, February 20, 2007

Humans' beef with livestock: a warmer planet

American meat eaters are responsible for 1.5 more tons of carbon dioxide per person than vegetarians every year.

As Congress begins to tackle the causes and cures of global warming, the action focuses on gas-guzzling vehicles and coal-fired power plants, not on lowly bovines.

Yet livestock are a major emitter of greenhouse gases that cause climate change. And as meat becomes a growing mainstay of human diet around the world, changing what we eat may prove as hard as changing what we drive.It's not just the well-known and frequently joked-about flatulence and manure of grass-chewing cattle that's the problem, according to a recent report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Land-use changes, especially deforestation to expand pastures and to create arable land for feed crops, is a big part. So is the use of energy to produce fertilizers, to run the slaughterhouses and meat-processing plants, and to pump water.

"Livestock are one of the most significant contributors to today's most serious environmental problems," Henning Steinfeld, senior author of the report, said when the FAO findings were released in November.

Livestock are responsible for 18 percent of greenhouse-gas emissions as measured in carbon dioxide equivalent, reports the FAO. This includes 9 percent of all CO2 emissions, 37 percent of methane, and 65 percent of nitrous oxide. Altogether, that's more than the emissions caused by transportation.

The latter two gases are particularly troubling – even though they represent far smaller concentrations in atmosphere than CO2, which remains the main global warming culprit. But methane has 23 times the global warming potential (GWP) of CO2 and nitrous oxide has 296 times the warming potential of carbon dioxide.

Methane could become a greater problem if the permafrost in northern latitudes thaws with increasing temperatures, releasing the gas now trapped below decaying vegetation. What's more certain is that emissions of these gases can spike as humans consume more livestock products.





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FEDERAL COURT FINDS USDA ERRED IN APPROVING GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ALFALFA WITHOUT FULL ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW

Precedent-setting Decision May Block Planting, Sales of Monsanto Alfalfa


Washington, DC (February 14, 2007) - In a
decision handed down yesterday, a Federal Court has ruled, for the
first time ever, that the U.S. Department of Agriculture failed to
abide by federal environmental laws when it approved a genetically
engineered crop without conducting a full Environment Impact Statement
(EIS).



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Monday, February 19, 2007

Gathering of the science tribes

From "How the World Works Column" by Andrew Leonard at Salon.com (Original Article)

Domestic Bioenergy: Weaning Ourselves From Foreign Oil Addiction



Feb. 16, 2007 - At a press conference in San Francisco on Friday, listening to four distinguished scientists discuss ambitious plans to replace one-third of annual American gasoline consumption with biofuels, it was impossible not to imagine what would have happened if Tad Patzek, the Berkeley chemical engineering professor who is one of the nation's leading critics of biofuels, had been present. Nearly every assertion he made in a lecture I attended at Berkeley in October was directly contradicted.

There is enough marginal, unused agricultural land in the United States to generate the biomass necessary to reach the one-third goal without displacing food production, said Steven Chu, the Nobel physics prize winner who runs the Lawrence Berkeley Livermore Laboratory. And the laws of thermodynamics won't need to be broken -- there is more than enough energy hitting the earth every day as sunlight to supply all of humanity's energy needs. Ethanol produced via cellulosic technology, said CalTech biologist Mel Simon, who helped develop one of the key technologies employed in DNA sequencing, was just a handful of years away from being cost-competitive with conventional gasoline. The technical problems involved "are just an engineering problem," said Chris Somerville, a Stanford plant biologist who is considered a contender to be the director of the new Energy Biosciences Institute at Berkeley. Not only that, but we can actually increase the current biodiversity and fertility of farmland by correctly introducing new feed stocks into the industrial farming landscape, said Gerry Tuskan, the leader of the team that completed the sequencing of the poplar genome last year.

more





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Study sees harmful hunt for extra oil

All the world’s extra oil supply is likely to come from expensive and environmentally damaging unconventional sources within 15 years, according to a detailed study.
A report from Wood Mackenzie, the Edinburgh-based consultancy, calculates that the world holds 3,600bn barrels of unconventional oil and gas that need a lot of energy to extract.

So far only 8 per cent of that has begun to be developed, because the world has relied on easier sources of oil and gas.

Only 15 per cent of the 3,600bn is heavy and extra-heavy oil, with the rest being even more challenging.

The study makes clear the shift could come sooner than many people in the industry had expected, even though some major conventional oil fields will still be increasing their production in 2020. Those increases will not be enough to offset the decline at other fields.

more



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Mystery dust baffles residents

Ash-like dust baffles residents

REDMOND, Wash. - Residents around Puget Sound were baffled Sunday when a thin layer of ash-like powder suddenly appeared, coating their cars and homes.

Redmond is just one of the places where people spotted the mystery dust. Residents near Carnation, Gig Harbor and Kingston also reported seeing it.

Dave and Edith Creed of Maple Valley were mystified when they discovered the thin layer of dust coating their truck, SUV and camper. On some surfaces, the dust seems to turn orange and, mixed with some moisture, it formed circles, they said.

Redmond is just one of the places where people spotted the mystery dust. Residents near Carnation, Gig Harbor and Kingston also reported seeing it too.

"We've never seen anything like this," said David Creed.

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